Monday, May 25, 2020

Essay on Emergency Medical Health

Introduction Unconsciousness (not alert condition) and cardiac arrest are closely related kind of disorders that affect the perfusion of blood in the brain leading to the victim being unresponsive to the external surroundings. Unconsciousness is rapid change of the mental state which involves almost total lack of responsiveness to the environment and people; an example is when a person is in a comatose state. Decrease in blood pressure to the brain and reduction of oxygen supply to the organ can also lead to temporary unconsciousness which is regarded as fainting. The common cause for lost of consciousness is traumatic brain injury, severe poisoning, brain hypoxia, and severe fatigue. Some of the factors that lead to these conditions are acute medical problems such as cardiac, circulatory, respiratory or neurological problems. The unconsciousness condition leads to a fall. The altered state of consciousness i.e. confusion and sleep, should not be confused with the brain medical unconsciousness. O n the other hand, cardiac arrest (cardio pulmonary arrest) is the abrupt stop of normal blood circulation due to the impairment of the heart to contract effectively. The most common cause of the cardiac arrest is the heart attack where there is no blood flow to the heart muscles; this means that there is poor delivery of the oxygen to the body. The close relatedness of the cardiac arrest and unconsciousness is that when there is cardiac arrest, there is inadequacy of oxygen to the brain leading to unconsciousness. The most dangerous thing is that brain injury can occur if the individual doesn’t receive medical intervention within five minutes, when a person shows the symptoms of cardiac arrest, the activation of a rapid E.M.S is vital, the immediate intervention is the cardio-pulmonary resuscitation followed by defibrillation. The most common cause of cardiac arrest is the coronary heart disease. The usual symptoms are loss of pulse, cessation of normal breathing, loss of blo od pressure. Both problems should be treated as medical emergency; the number of call as determined by the paramedics should clearly show the predictability of the medical problems among the citizens. The medical priority dispatch system is one method that can help to determine the priority settings of a health problem. MPDS is a system that is used to draw an appropriate aid to the local medical emergencies. The MPDS characterizes an illness in a spectrum of clinical levels such as the Alpha (A), Bravo (B), Charlie(C), Delta (D), Echo (E) and Omega (O). The causes of these problems are not always apparent with the emergency medical dispatcher during an event of a call. This means that there is detailed caller interrogation and pre-arrival instructions. In a case study of data by the American emergency group showed that the distribution of cardiac arrest and unconsciousness is caused by the â€Å"long fall† fall condition. Falls are conditions that are caused by some acute medical conditio ns or accidents and are one of the major complaints received by the emergency response units.   The emergency medical dispatcher was used to determine the cause and or the nature of the fall. However it was a heavy challenge for the E.M.D. to determine the nature of the fall. Fall is an important condition since it also determines the kind of treatment and the urgency of the response by the emergency medical service. The MPDS characterized the cardiac arrest risks and then unconsciousness condition, the profile was that the overall patients with the unconsciousness condition which was labeled delta-level3 had the highest proportion. The unconsciousness condition was predominantly associated with the cardiac arrest.   The computation of the data was done under the principle of ‘fall’ protocol. The unconsciousness condition was highly linked with the short fall i.e. less than two meters fall. Both the unconsciousness and cardiac arrest falls under the delta group of the MPDS card meaning that the category needs an advanced life support and they are a serious threat to life. Not all the patients with the unconsciousness fall conditions are referred to the hosp ital but the majority of the patient who are â€Å"hot transported† to the hospital are the ones with severe outcome, the falls that are as a result of acute medical conditions. Such kinds of falls that are ‘hot transported’ are not always apparent to the emergency medical dispatcher, so their data are not always obtained since there has been no interrogation during the call. Conclusion MDPS is the most convenient and effective method of providing the medical aid to a patient through prioritizing the actions that are needed to save the situation. It also prioritizes the life of the medical dispatchers or the local bystanders to ensure that they are not at any risks. The process also ensures that there are relevant instructions given to the medical dispatch. The unconsciousness and cardiac arrest almost rate the same in the MDPS card since both of them are classified as delta-3, they mean that they pose the same threat to life.   Though the frequency of a person being unconscious is averagely high than having a heart attack according to the MPDS, heart attack needs an immediate intervention. It’s also highly evident that cardiac arrest can lead to the unconsciousness state, but there are also some other determining factors that lead to mental unconsciousness. The illness are almost related i.e. one can lead to the other as they share some symptoms. Both of t hem can be reversed within 4 to 6 minutes of attack otherwise brain damage can occur, this statement is almost biased to cardiac arrest but when a patient is in prolonged comatose brain damage can be a resultant. The acute medical conditions that cause the falls are not always known by the caller because they precede the fall. This means that the unconsciousness condition will only be determined later via detailed interrogation by the E.M.D References Carolines, N. (2001). Emergency Medical Treatmnt. Michigan: Little Brown. Heath, A. (2005). School-Based Crisis Intervention. New York: Guilford Press.

Monday, May 18, 2020

Video Games And Aggression A Debate Between...

Feiyang Qian Could Playing Violent Video Games Predict Aggression? A Debate Between Socialization Hypothesis and Selection Hypothesis Bard College Word Count: 1722 Along with the increase of population who play video games, there raised a huge concern about the video games and its possible outcome. One potential issue is the relationship between violent video games and aggression. There are two seemingly competitive hypotheses from previous studies, interpreting the relationship: one is socialization hypothesis which states that the repeated exposure of violent media (i.e., video games) leads to an elevation of aggression over time; another one is selection hypothesis which states that individuals who are more aggressive†¦show more content†¦A longitudinal study by Breuer, et al. on violent video games and aggression pointed out that physical aggressiveness could predict long-term use of violent video games while the reserve relationship is not statistically supported (Breuer et al., 2015). In order to examine the possible long-term effect on aggression induced by playing violent video games, Breuer, et al. designed a one-year longitu dinal study with 276 participants, aged between 14 to 21. Besides possible background factors, Breuer et al. measured physical aggression level instead of aggressive thoughts some previous studies focused on since it was already reported that both socialization and selection hypotheses are more likely to occur if the behavior presented in the game and the one exhibited in real life are similar (Mà ¶ller Krahà ©, 2009). Physical aggressiveness is most commonly featured in violent video games so that it is more likely to test their hypothesis by comparing physical aggression before and after long-term exposure to violent video games. For both the first and second wave one-year later, they measured participants’ physical aggressiveness using Aggression Questionnaire (AQ) (Buss Perry, 1992) and their preference for video games by asking their favorite and currently-played video games which were rated via age rating system Unterhaltungssoftware Selbskongrolle (USK) (see www.us k.de/en) for violence level and their frequency

Thursday, May 14, 2020

Johann Haris Plagiarism - 417 Words

Plagiarism Summary Johann Hari, a veteran journalist for the Independent, a respected British newspaper periodical, was accused of plagiarism in 2011. Specifically, Hari was accused of using other writers material in his articles without making reference to it. In his interviews with Gideon Levy and Hugo ChÃÆ' ¡vez, Hari used quotes which had been given by those subjects to other journalists. Hari was suspended last year pending an inquiry by the publications former editor Andreas Whittam Smith. The findings of the inquiry were not made public but the newspaper reported in September 2011 that Hari admitted the plagiarism allegations and would attend a journalism training course before returning to the paper. However, Hari has since decided to not return to The Independent after beginning his retraining program. According to the publications current editor Chris Blackhurst, Johann genuinely believed he was doing nothing wrong. The fact that nobody complained, Johann did not believe he was doing anything wrong. Why do you think this person, who should have known better decided to fake his/ her work? Regarding the reasons behind Johann Haris plagiarism, there are two possibilities that jump out at me. The first possibility is that he was just trying to convey the interviewees thoughts on a particular matter on which he forgot to ask the interviewee himself. After all, no one could actually deny that Hugo Chavez said those particular words. In addition, it does notShow MoreRelatedRhetorical Analysis2223 Words   |  9 PagesOctober 16, 2012 Rhetorical Analysis: â€Å"You are being lied to about pirates† In Johann Hari’s article â€Å"You are being lied to about pirates† (published Monday January 5, 2009 by the Independent) he uncovers for his audience/readers the truth behind piracy and how it is reflected in the ways that the government â€Å"tries† to inform the public. The article shows that his audience is the people he recognizes to be the real villains in destroying the pirate â€Å"organization† as well as the uneducated readers

Wednesday, May 6, 2020

The Moral, Legal, and Economical Aspects of Capital...

Capital punishment has long been a topic for heated debate throughout the United States of America and the civilized world. For many politicians, the death penalty has been a key pillar to winning a state or election; and, to some extent, politics have been a key influence in America’s justice system. Many nations have outlawed capital punishment, with the United States included between 1972 and 1976. In the United States, there has been a renewed movement for this â€Å"eye for an eye† method, citing such arguments as â€Å"deterrence† and â€Å"victims’ rights.† This movement begs a single question – is there any economical, legal, or statistical support for the ultimate punishment? This article will strive to answer that question by evaluating several†¦show more content†¦Georgia, one can easily make the statement that the taking of a human life in return for another does not agree with the standards of decency of our maturing soc iety. Justice Brennan goes further to state that â€Å"death is not only an unusually severe punishment, unusual in its pain, in its finality†¦Ã¢â‚¬  (Brennan 32). This argument is one of the major summarizing points of Brennan’s argument – the death penalty is incredibly severe and irreversibly final. According to an article in the USA Today by columnist Jacqueline Blais, 117 people have been freed from death row on account of innocence (Blais). This figure is astonishing when one considers the innocents who slip through the cracks in states like Texas, where the average death row inmate has just ten years to prove his or her innocence from behind bars. Opponents might argue that the death penalty provides closure to the victim’s family. However, this view makes an assumption about the U.S. Justice system that should never be made – that the system is about retribution and not about justice. Interestingly, in a survey conducted in a Kentucky college classroom, only 43% of participants considered capital punishment to be about justice while 71% of participants found justice to be the pursuit of the justice system as a whole (Coursey). How then does one bridge the gap between the goals of the justice system and the goals of capital punishment? The simplest answer to this question is thatShow MoreRelatedIs the he lawful infliction of death as a punishment the death penalty. Capital punishment1000 Words   |  4 PagesIs the he lawful infliction of death as a punishment; the death penalty. Capital punishment continues to be used in several countries despite controversy over its merits and over its effectiveness as a det errent to serious crime. A sentence of death may be carried out by one of many means, through electrocution, hanging, lethal injection, gas chamber, and firing squad. The debate as to whether capital punishment is right or not is an emotive one. Some people say it is necessary in some circumstancesRead MoreDead Man Walking1871 Words   |  8 PagesDead Man Walking The film, Dead Man Walking was made in 1995, and was adopted from Sister Helen Prejean s 1993 autobiographical book, which has the same title. It examines one of the most highly debated controversial issues of our time - capital punishment. Since the protagonist of a film is regarded as the good guy, I would apply this label to Sister Helen Prajean, played by Susan Sarandon, and that of the antagonist, or the bad guy to Matthew Poncelet, played by Sean Penn. However, evenRead More Analysis of the Controversial Issue of Capital Punishment Essay2237 Words   |  9 PagesThe Controversial Issue of Capital Punishment   Ã‚  Ã‚   Capital punishment is a declining institution as the twentieth century nears its end. At one time capital punishment was a common worldwide practice, but now it is only used for serious violation of laws in 100 of the worlds 180 nations (Haines 3 ). 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It is argued that physician-assisted suicide shouldn’t be legalized because of religious and moral reasons. Additionally, PAS is incompatible with the doctor’s role as a healer. However, physician-assisted suicide should be legalized because patients should have the option to choose if they want to end their life. It is a way for people to be ableRead MoreEssay on The Death Penalty6909 Words   |  28 PagesIntroduction For as long as one can remember capital punishment has been a cruel method of punishing the convicted. However, many believe that the punishment should be corresponding to the crime. We have heard of the saying, â€Å"An Eye for an Eye a Tooth for Tooth,† (Deut. 19:21 1984). This controversial method which has been abolished by various countries and states has persuaded numerous people to believe life without parole is more appropriate than the death penalty. The specific aim of thisRead MoreCorrectional Administration Reviewer18383 Words   |  74 PagesCORRECTIONAL ADMINISTRATION CHIVAS GOCELA DULGUIME, R.C I. INTRODUCTION PENOLOGY - the study of punishment of crime. - a branch of Criminology dealing with prison management, and the deterrence and reformatory treatment of criminals. SOURCES OF THE TERM PENOLOGY: a. Peno was derived from Greek word â€Å"piono† and from the Latin word â€Å"poena†, both terms mean punishment. b. Logy was from the Latin word â€Å"logos†, meaning science. c. Penology distinguish from Penitentiary Science- Penology deals

Major Theoretical Sociological Perspectives Similarities...

Major Theoretical Sociological Perspectives: Similarities and Differences Sociology: the scientific study of the development, structure and functioning of human society (Oxford). When the topic of discussion is sociology, Auguste Comte, the â€Å"father of positivism† would come to mind, as it was he who first coined the term â€Å"sociology† (Kreis, 2009). Comte also emphasized that the study of society must be scientific and he pushed sociologists to employ the use of qualitative methods such as observation, historical comparative analysis and experimentation. Sociological Perspective is the way in which we view sociological phenomena (Long, 2011). Among the many perspectives that exist there are three theoretical perspectives that are widely†¦show more content†¦This is where the government comes into play and is used to regulate our interests by the use of laws to provide a stable world. Therefore, according to the conflict theory if there is interaction, there will be conflict. There is no society that exists that doesnâ€℠¢t have conflict of interests but because of this conflict a society can move towards social change and growth by using this conflict as a stepping stone. Although, if not managed, conflict can escalate to damaging levels and result in the division of a group. Inequality, a reason of emergence for hierarchies, created to grasp a bit of the unequally shared power. The members within these hierarchies seek self-interest by maximizing their positions rather than trying to change society. Politics would seem to be a prime example of the race for power. Scarcity of resources would be another reason why conflict arises. This would be the reason for those that rob and steal from other individuals because of the lack of resources. Since if there was a surplus of resources to satisfy self-interest no one would pursue conflict and there would be little or no crime. Functionalism, the oldest but yet still the most dominant of the three major theoretical perspectives. The idea of the Functionalist perspective leads back to Emile Durkheim, a French sociologist whose writings form the core of theShow MoreRelatedMajor Theoretical Sociological Perspectives: Similarities and Differences1507 Words   |  7 Pagesthree major sociology perspectives in regards to social issues? They are Symbolic Interactionism perspectives, Functionalism perspectives, and Conflict Theory perspectives. These perspectives offer sociologists abstract examples for explaining how society affects people, and vice versa. Each perspective individually theorizes society, social forces, and human behavior. 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Though their theories can seem very different, there are some similarities. To become a great sociologist one most learn and understands how to use all sociological perspectives. To do this one must understand and use the different theoretical perspectives created by Marx, Durkheim, and Weber. Karl Marx theoreticalRead MoreSociological Theory3361 Words   |  14 Pagesï » ¿INTRODUCTION TO SOCIOLOGICAL THEORY Compare and contrast the views of three appropriate sociological perspectives to an area of social life of your choosing. Why do we act the way we do? Does the mass media really affect the way a people in a society behave? Sociologists focus on the environment and the social aspects of human behaviour in order to answer questions like these when studying a particular society. A society is defined as a large social group that shares the same geographical territoryRead MoreThe Changing Nature of Family Life Essay1117 Words   |  5 Pagesapproves sexual relationship and one or more children of the sexually cohabitating adults. Therefore from this definition it is clear that ‘fatherless families’ which exist in today’s society are not considered from a functionalist perspective as normal. Harmonious stable families Talcott Parsons argues that the concept of the ‘isolated nuclear family’ describes structure that provides warmth, security and support. He could conceive of no institution other than family that Read MorePsychology : Theory Of Psychology1637 Words   |  7 PagesIntroduction to Psychology Module 1. Explain how a person committed to each of the following contemporary perspectives would explain human aggression. a. Psychodynamic: A person committed to psychodynamics would see that human functions are based on the interaction of drives and forces within the unconscious mind of a person. This influences different structures of the personality of the person as well. In addition, a person that is committed to psychodynamics would believe that the fundamentalRead MoreSociology Functionalism and Symbolic Interaction1494 Words   |  6 Pagesfeatures, similarities and differences of Functionalism and Symbolic Interaction. Sociologists analyse social phenomena at different levels and from different perspectives. From concrete interpretations to sweeping generalizations of society and social behaviour, sociologists study everything from specific events, the micro level of analysis of small social patterns, to the big picture, the macro level of analysis of large social patterns. Sociologists today employ three primary theoretical perspectives:Read MoreThe Digital Human Activity On Social Networking Sites1751 Words   |  8 Pagesbeen used in testing numerous sociological hypothesis and also modeling systems that depend on human activities and research in this area is actively ongoing in the research community. The social interaction as the result of the human activities on these networks generate a non-trivial topology in the process of time. %After the discovering of the ``heavy tail distribution, the small world phenomenon and high clustering in real networks, And various graph-theoretical tools have been developed andRead MoreSociological Perspectives on the Family2325 Words   |  10 PagesSociological Perspectives on the Family SOC101: Introduction to Sociology Instructor:   Jeanette  Maxey August 15, 2011 Sociological Perspectives on the Family In the field of sociology, there are numerous approaches sociologists reflect on when studying humankind’s behavior. Sociologists argue that no single theory is correct by itself; but to a certain extent, they draw on all of them for various purposes. Sociologists vision the social world in diverse ways, meaning seeing the world as stableRead MoreFunctionalism and Marxism2204 Words   |  9 PagesOften these theories are influential for a period of time and then lose popularity once a new, more seductive theory is established. Marxism and functionalism are two examples of social theories that made a grand impact on the anthropological and sociological fields, but have since faded from the forefront. Marxism was established by Karl Marx in the mid-1800s and was later adopted by other theorists, such as Marvin Harris. Marxism was built upon the idea that there has been an ongoing class struggle

Feminism And Art History Essay Example For Students

Feminism And Art History Essay The history of mankind has often been captured in snapshots between the rise and fall of great leaders and civilizations, by artists all with a common dream of portraying what they saw during their times. Ideologies reflective of their societies were depicted through sculptures, frescoes, pottery, paintings, and many other methods. Many of these principals were created, celebrated, and popularized by constituents of societies where andocentric values were applied not only to social and political mores, but also to the various art forms as the male body was cherished and praised and the female body was hidden away from public view. The book Feminism and Art History: Questioning the Litany edited by Norma Broude and Mary D. Garrad, strives to examine the role of women in art history as well as articulating the pleasures and problems of artistic pieces in a contemporary feminist vantage point. According to Broude and Garrad in the introduction, modern feministic views have changed the scope of art history in that ? feminism has raised fundamental questions for art history as a humanistic discipline, questions that are now affecting its functioning at all levels and that may ultimately lead to its definition. In this book they have dissected widely accepted paradigms of the beauty aesthetic, which directly challenges the idolization of the male physique. In the chapter entitled Matrilineal Reinterpretation of Some Egyptian Sacred Cows by Nancy Luomala the concept of power is discussed as Luomala scrutinizes the ancient power structures of Egyptian society, and how in fact its actually through matrilineal descent that men were able to receive the status of Pharaoh. Luomala theorizes that it was the Egyptian Great Wife that made whomever she married into a living king. I found her analysis of the definitions of the ancient symbolism in regards to power and kinship, and how she uses the different images and monuments to elucidate her argument intriguing. Through images such as the cow deity, a sycamore, the cobra, horns, sun disk, and vultures the symbols of female royalty graced the art forms of Egypt, and represented regeneration, birth, life, power, and sustenance. The author also made it clear through constant repetition that the hand of power in Egypt wasnt the Pharaoh but it was the Queen. The Queen was the one who passed the power on through her daughters, through marriage, or through her bloodline with male relatives and uses many examples of historically famous Pharaohs. Tutankhamen became king because he married one of Queen Nefertitis daughters, Ankhesenamon, and upon the death of Tutankhamen Ankhesenamon succeeded the throne because of his blood relationship with Queen Nefertiti. (Luomala pg. 21). Another example used was about the reign of Queen Hatshepsut and how although married, she retained power because she didnt allow any of her husbands to rule as pharaoh. Therefore Hatshepsut legitimizes the fact that women were the actual heirs to the throne and also the ones that passed it down when they chose to. Thus, Luomala deems, Egyptian art needs to be reexamined so that the definitions of succession and dynasty reflect the matrilineal aspects. The next chapter I read was Social Status and Gender in Roman Art: The Case of the Saleswoman by Natalie Boymel Kampen which talks about the different roles gender and social class played in professions in ancient Rome. One of the contributions of art is that art can tell people from later generations, social truths about a society. Kampen strives to show how gender and social status ? interacted as determinants of visual images along with other variables as period, artists or patrons taste, or function of an object. (Kampen pg. 63). Kampen explains how Roman society was patriarchal and that behaviors were results of status and gender power relationships. Roman women had a difficult position in their society in that although they were granted more freedoms than upper class Athenian women (pg. 4), they still were not allowed to retain positions in Romes political sphere and they were still ? legal dependents with little institutionalized power, even in their own homes (Kampen 64), although they were able to sue for divorce, and even their own property. Through images of the Roman working woman, Kampen illustrates that gender and social status affected the way women were portrayed in art. Learning Art EssayAt its most perverse moments, the treatment of women in art was grossly abusive and monks were even admonished about any form of interaction with members of the opposite sex. In the Expulsion from Paradise reliefs of Notre-Dame-du Port, at Clermont-Ferrand, there are realistic scenes of Adam throwing Eve to the ground, kicking her, and dragging her by the hair that was based on a French drama that was acted in and out of churches during the Middle Ages. The view of women as morally inferior is what one Church apologist says is the reason for the exclusion of women from the priesthood (pg. 83). The controversy surrounding the Virgin Marys position in the Church is completely opposed to the views of Eve. The image of the Virgin Mary was celebrated and honored in Churches and abbeys, and the abbey at Citeaux adopted the image of the Virgin Mary under whose mantle abbots of the order were shown kneeling, while above the image verses in her honor were engraved (pg. 83). Kraus shows how the adoration of the Virgin and the revulsion of the ordinary woman showed stressed contrasts rather than similarities, and the glorification of the Virgin was about honoring the Woman-Without-Sin and the Anti-Eve that was revered (pg. 4). Sculptural version depicting the Virgin Mary could be accompanied with versions of the Original Sin next to it, and inscriptions bearing the inversion of letters under the pieces. Eva under the Original Sin portrayal versus Ave under the Virgin Mary, served as another way of showing how the Virgin Mary reverses the cursed sin that Eve brought upon mankind. The proliferation of this parallelism in art forms helped metamorphosize the adulation of the Virgin Mary into an obsessive cult-like phenomenon reinforced by ? prayers, hymns, liturgical drama, legends, and especially art (pg. 85), by the thirteenth century. The Mariolatry expressed even caused artists to start depicting Biblical scenes with Mary in the spotlight, and some even excluded the presence of Jesus. The interest in Mary climaxed as the gaps in Marys life distressed the public to the point that a whole series of apocrypha rose up, eventually passing into church liturgy (pg. 85). These stories included life as an adolescent, marriage, motherhood, moments shared with Jesus, and finally life after the death of Christ. These efforts were all to humanize Mary and in doing so a feminization of the Divinity occurred, and the marginalization and subjugation of women started to soften (pg. 6). According to the authors in this book, art history needs to undergo a major reconfiguration project because it unfairly projects art through an andocentric perspective, instead of showing the feminine presence and efforts in artistic forums. Conventional methodologies glorify patriarchy and exclude the matrilineal powers that, the authors argue, is present but often ignored. The collective works of the aforementioned authors serves to vividly delineate the artistic representations of women, and negate the social conditions that often leave the roles of women as neglected and often in demeaning positions. The sexism and marginalization of women has been a confrontational topic since the feminist movement started reaching male dominated disciplines and institutions, and Im glad that pillars of tradition are starting to be knocked down as the thorough examination of history reveal that representations of women were misleading. The devaluation of women in art has capitulated the principals that have dominated world views of women for hundreds of years, and these views continue to serve as buffers for gender equality and only handicaps women as they continue to alter the image of women starting with historical perceptions that have been accepted.

Tuesday, May 5, 2020

Use of It in Modern World free essay sample

For the HDCS-Infortec International| | By Isuri Dilanka Rg:12GP1220 | 3/20/2013| This document contains introduction on the importance of IT, its usage in modern world and finally the conclusion of the researcher. | The importance of IT to the modern world Introduction Nearly everyone worked in agriculture before the industrial revolution. People communicated by words or messages written on paper. Soon after the industrial revolution, life changed for everyone. Factories were started where a large number of people worked together. In order to administer them, there came a need for offices. With the development of trade a lot of documentation was involved. As technology advanced, people wanted to find easy ways of completing the paperwork. The computer is probably the latest tool available from a series of machines that were developed over the years such as the typewriter, telephone, fax etc. The computer was initially developed to be a calculating device that can calculate at very high speeds. Since 80% of the work done on the computer is of non-mathematical nature it cannot merely be regarded as a calculating device. A computer us really a device that operates upon information, data amp; communication. The present age is referred to as the ‘information age’ as most people’s lives depend on information technology. A lot of people work on computer related fields and computers affect everybody in one way or the other. Communication too is becoming an integral part of information technology amp; it is for this reason that information technology (IT) is now being replaced by information communication technology (ICT). Use and Importance of IT in the modern world Today, computer has become an important part of day-to-day life. Most human activities take place with the aid of ICT. It gives more effective and speedy solutions to real life problems. People lead complex lifestyles that need most suitable solutions within shortest time. ICT satisfies these requirements in a comprehensive manner. Hence today has become the IT or ICT age. Few instances where IT or ICT is heavily used * Home: Hobbies, Entertainment, Household bills amp; accounts etc. * Everyday Life: Supermarkets, Banks, Hospitals, Security amp; Defense etc. * Education: Libraries, Simulation of laboratory experiments on computers, Computer Aided Learning- CAL etc. Engineering: Chemical plants, Oil refineries, Manufacturing of cars etc. * Commercial/ Industrial: Air amp; road traffic controls, Travel amp; transportation etc. Elaboration of above topics is mentioned below : Application| Usage | Home| Most of the time computers at home are usedFor writing letters, sending and receiving e-mail, Playing games, browsing the internet to gather information, for shopping, to watch movies and just about anything| Supermarkets| The computer has a record for each item with information such as the item number, name, description, price, quantity in the stock etc. The central computer is able to identify the item number by using the bar code reader. Once identified, the number is sent to the central computer, which in turn sends the information that corresponds to the item to POS terminal to be printed. The computer also does the necessary stock adjustments by subtracting the quantity sold of the particular item. IT is used to automate manual accounting systems such as ledger, sales and purchases, stock control. | Banks (ATM, Transactions, Tele banking, Credit card payments)| All transactions are entered then and there by the teller so that work doesn’t get accumulated. Each transaction as it is entered is updated in the master file at the central computer. The teller just types in the account number and he is given instant access. | Educational Administration| IT is used to automate school administration activities such as keeping records of students, examination results, normal office work and communication with other schools via e-mail etc. | Education (Computer Assisted School Administration)| In subjects such as biology, chemistry, physics laboratory experiments can be simulated on the computer. The computer can be used to explain vast concepts more vividly by using its ‘graphics’ capability to display pictures, diagrams and even videos. Some experiments can be done virtually. Video conferencing. For distant learning, Use of World Wide Web in finding information. CAL (Computer Assisted Learning) the computer presents material, asks questions based on the students performance, determines whether to present new material or review topics already covered. | Library| A library contains thousands of books, magazines, and other items which a borrower may wish to borrow. Maintaining records of books and borrowers can be a complicated and tedious job but may well suit a computer system. Finding available books and reserving them is made very simple with the use of computers. | Transportation| IT is used by railways and airlines for reservation of seats, control of traffic and maintaining time-tables of vehicles and duties of the crew. It is used in all fields of air traffic. Every aircraft has a small computer fitted to help pilots in various ways. | Medicine (Chemical Analysis, CT, MRI, US Scanning, ECG, EEG, Surgery)| In hospitals special computers are built inside different equipment. Ex: CAT scanners (Computer Axial Tomography). Further maintenance of patients’ records in electronic databases enhances services provided. | Defense amp; Security (Signal operations, Missile guidance amp; Nuclear plant operations)| IT is very useful in tracking down criminals through the maintenance of their databases. In warfare computers are used to guide missiles. | Engineering| Engineers use IT to prepare drawings of machines, tools, bridges, buildings etc. (CAD-Computer Aided Designing). Also computers are used to control manufacture of items. (CAM-Computer Assisted Manufacture). The use of Robots in industries is another example| Entertainment| This basically covers video games, music and movies played back by computers with multimedia facilities. | Conclusion Through all these information it is clearly identified the importance IT to modern world: that IT is an integral part of modern life. IT has taken the modern world under its dominance and it makes human relationships much closure leading to a much better future. References: ICT Classroom in a book by Chandana De Silva Newspaper Feedback : Assessor: Signature: †¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦.. Date: †¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦